微尺度水平管内沸腾换热特性研究

对不同质量分数下非共沸混合工质(R134a/R32)在微尺度管道内的流动沸腾换热特性进行了比较和分析,阐述了热流密度、质量流量和质量干度对换热的影响。结果表明:热流密度对换热的影响随着质量流量的增加而愈加明显;在质量分数为75%/25%和65%/35%时,换热系数随着质量流量的增大而增大;而质量分数为85%/15%时,换热系数随质量流量的变化先增加后减小;随着质量干度的增加,换热系数在各质量分数下基本上都呈上升趋势。     

核态沸腾中汽泡动力学及传热机理分析

汽泡的传热及生长特性研究对于揭示核态沸腾的机理具有重要作用。本文介绍了利用高速摄像技术对核态沸腾中汽泡生长及运动现象进行实验观测,并用高速数据采集系统记录汽泡一个生长周期不同阶段的热流密度的方法。在不同的过冷度及壁面温度条件下,观测了汽泡的生长、周期性滑移、颈化和脱离现象。计算并绘制出不同条件下一个汽泡生长周期内的热流密度曲线,与汽泡图片相对应,分析并讨论了造成这些现象的机理。     

竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾流动压降的分析

文中对竖直圆管内液氮流动沸腾压降进行实验研究,分析热流密度、质量流量对液氮两相流动摩擦压降的影响以及热流密度对测试段总压降的影响。在本实验工况范围内,两相流摩擦压降随着热流密度和质量流速的增加而变大,且测试段总压降随着热流密度的增加而降低。分别利用均相模型、L-M模型和Chisholm B系数模型对实验结果进行预测,并比较了预测值与实验值,结果表明本实验工况下均相模型预测效果最好。     

微小圆通道内流动沸腾换热特性的研究

微小通道内相变换热具有热流密度高、单位体积内换热面积大、结构紧凑等特点,成为高效紧凑式换热器设计的重要途径。本文以氟利昂R113为工质,完成了0.7、1.1和1.4 mm的圆形小通道内的流动沸腾实验,对小通道内流动沸腾换热特性进行了分析,拟合了计算沸腾换热特性的实验关联式,为工程实际应用提供参考。     

环状狭缝通道流动沸腾换热的实验研究

以蒸馏水为工质进行了实验研究。分析了影响流动总压降的因素,给出了计算摩擦压降的经验关系式,实验数据与计算结果误差约±15％,此关系式可以用来预测该实验范围内的摩擦压降。同时还给出了计算流动沸腾传热系数的经验关系式,实验数据与计算结果误差为-17％～13％,此关系式可以用来预测该实验范围内的流动沸腾传热系数。     

Steady-state solutions in a three-dimensional nonlinear pool-boiling heat-transfer model

We consider a relatively simple model for pool-boiling processes. This model involves only the temperature distribution within the heater and describes the heat exchange with the boiling medium via a nonlinear boundary condition imposed on the fluid-heater interface. This results in a standard heat-transfer problem with a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition on part of the boundary. In a recent paper [Speetjens M, Reusken A, Marquardt W. Steady-state solutions in a nonlinear pool-boiling model. IGPM report 256, RWTH Aachen. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul, in press, doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2006.11.002] we analysed this nonlinear heat-transfer problem for the case of two space dimensions and in particular studied the qualitative structure of steady-state solutions. The study revealed that, depending on system parameters, the model allows both multiple homogeneous and multiple heterogeneous temperature distributions on the fluid-heater interface. In the present paper we show that the analysis from Speetjens et al. (doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2006.11.002) can be generalised to the physically more realistic case of three space dimensions. A fundamental shift-invariance property is derived that implies multiplicity of heterogeneous solutions. We present a numerical bifurcation analysis that demonstrates the multiple solution structure in this mathematical model by way of a representative case study.     

Experimental Investigation of Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer to TiO2/R141b Nanorefrigerant

Heat transfer in two-phase flow boiling of a dilute mixture of TiO₂ nanoparticles in R141b base fluid in a smooth tube is investigated experimentally. Examining the obtained results reveals that enhancement of the convective heat transfer coefficient for the particle volume fractions of 0.01% and 0.03% in comparison with pure R141b is more pronounced for a higher volume fraction. The measured data also show that at higher vapor qualities, the improvement in heat transfer coefficient is greater. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient decreases substantially with mass flux while an increase in saturation temperature leads to an improvement in this coefficient.     

METHODS OF HEAT LOSS MEASUREMENT FOR A THERMOHYDRAULIC FACILITY

Three methods, using different thermal transients, are proposed to measure the heat loss of a thermohydraulic facility. They can he used for loop-type facilities, with circulation pumps, and for vessel-type facilities, with fluid at saturation. The analysis of uncertainties of the measurement results can help to design a heat loss experiment for a specific application. Examples are presented of heat loss measurements at the LOBI-MOD2 facility, which is an integral system thermohydraulic test facility for safety investigations of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear power plants.     

WALL CONDUCTION EFFECT ON THE ONSET OF THERMAL INSTABILITY IN HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR CHANNELS

The effect of peripheral thermal conduction in the bottom wall on the onset of thermal instability in the thermal entrance region of horizontal, rectangular, bottom-uniform-heated channels was studied by experiment and theoretical simulation. The predicted results of the onset of thermal instability for the cases of uniform peripheral wall heat flux are in agreement with the published experimental data, but the predicted results for the cases of uniform peripheral wall temperature exceed the previous data by about an order of magnitude. The present experimental data reconfirm the present predictions. The effect of increasing the peripheral wall conduction is shown to stabilize the flow.